The idea that content should be freely available to use and distribute as people wish- without the restrictions from copyright and patents
Open Source
Where software's source code is made available for modification and improvement
Examples Include:
- LibreOffice
- GNU (Image Manipulation)
Open Hardware
Similar to Open Source Software, but instead refers to physical parts.
Examples Include:
- RepRap- A 3D printer that prints it's own parts for re-sale.
Open Content
Refers specifically to creative work that can be copied,edited and republished freely
Examples Include:
-Soundcloud- Music sharing service
- Anything licensed under Creative Commons
Open Data Licenses
Used to explain how the data of organisations can be used.
Example Licenses:
Standard:
Reusable licenses that provide consistency and possess broader terms of use.
Bespoke:
Used by governments and international organisations.
Open Data Initiatives
These are organised at different levels and possess overlapping jurisdictions.
Country Level:
Data featured is at a national level or just below. Often federated.
City and Subnational Levels:
Initiatives which contain data from a smaller/more focussed scope.
Useful Open Data
For Open Data to be considered useful it must meet certain conditions.
Developers need to harness the data to make new and valuable products & services.
Developers must integrate open data into existing products or services.
Closed Data
Closed data. is any form of data, ie 'digital data' for example, that is restricted for a reason. Pay walls along with encryption methods can be used, for issues concerning copyright and privacy, along with monetisation & political/commercial reasons.
Companies that support Open Data Include:
- Open Data Institute
- Open Knowledge Foundation
- ENGAGE platform
Examples of Closed Data include:
Examples of Closed Data
There are a few examples of Closed Data, they are often behind paywalls that stop the user from accessing data.
- The music service 'Tidal'
- Google Docs (Unless published)